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Kuala Lumpur had its origins in the 1850s when the Malay Chief
of Klang sent Chinese upriver to open new and larger tin mines.
They landed at the confluence of Sungai Lumpur (now Gombak) and
Sungai Klang and established mines at Ampang. Later, tin mines
were opened at Pudu and Batu. This trading post was a wild frontier town plagued by floods,
fires, disease and the Selangor Civil War (1870-73). During
this time, Kapitan Cina Yap Ah Loy emerged as a leader, responsible
for the survival and growth of the town. In 1880, in view of
its strategic location, the Selangor state capital was moved
from Klang to Kuala Lumpur. Nothing of this earlier period remains
as all structures were of wood and atap (thatch) which were destroyed
in the fire and subsequent flood of 1881. Thereafter, Frank Swettenham, the British Resident of Selangor
who was instrumental in the development of the town, required
that buildings be constructed of brick and tile. The advent of
the railway increased accessibility. The development of buildings
intensified in the 1890s so that it warranted the establishment
of the Sanitary Board. In 1896, Kuala Lumpur was chosen as the
capital of the newly formed Federated Malay States. The multiracial community of this period settled in various
sections of town. Market Square, east of Sungai Klang, became
the commercial centre for the whole town. The Chinese congregated
around this Square and south into Chinatown. To the north, across
Java Street (now Jalan Tun Perak), were the Malays. Nearby, a
number of Indian Chettiars (money-lenders), and in later years
Indian Muslim traders, set up business. West of the river, the
Padang (now Merdeka Square) was the focal point of the British
administration. Kuala Lumpur continued to grow despite two World Wars, the
rubber and tin commodity crash and the State of Emergency (1948-60)
during which Malaya was preoccupied with the communist insurgency.
In 1957, the Federation of Malaya gained its independence from
British rule. Kuala Lumpur remained the capital through the formation
of Malaysia, achieving city status in 1972, and was established
as the Federal Territory in 1974.
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